Task reminder: The recording ends with a beep replacing the final word or phrase. Select the option that best completes the recording. Read all options before listening.

1. Sample Text 1 — The Attention Economy

Digital platforms that maximise user engagement generate advertising revenue, but critics argue this model is incompatible with public wellbeing because the most engaging content is often emotionally provocative, factually unreliable, or designed to…

A. educate users about important issues. B. generate social connection between users. C. exploit psychological vulnerabilities for commercial gain. D. reduce the time users spend on social media.

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2. Sample Text 2 — Biodiversity Offsetting

Biodiversity offsetting — allowing developers to destroy habitat in one place in exchange for creating or restoring habitat elsewhere — is increasingly used to reconcile development and conservation goals, but ecologists warn that it assumes ecosystems are…

A. interchangeable when in reality they are not. B. too complex to protect through any policy mechanism. C. best managed by market forces rather than regulation. D. easily transplanted from one region to another without loss of function.

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