Task reminder: Highest-value Reading task. Select the best word from each dropdown. Check part of speech first, then collocation. No negative marking — always make a selection.

1. Migration and Innovation

Immigrants have — select —contributedaddedprovidedgiven disproportionately to innovation throughout history. Many of the world’s most — select —influentialimportantsignificantnotable scientific discoveries and business ventures have been — select —foundedstartedcreatedestablished by individuals who moved from their country of birth to work and study elsewhere. Research — select —demonstratesshowsprovesconfirms that diverse teams — including those with members of different national — select —backgroundsoriginsculturesheritages — generate more creative solutions to complex problems than homogeneous ones.

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2. Plastic Pollution

Plastic pollution has become one of the most — select —pervasivewidespreadcommonprevalent environmental problems of the modern era. Approximately eight million tonnes of plastic — select —enterflowpourgo the oceans every year, — select —breakingsplittingdividingfragmenting down into microplastics that are now found in the deepest ocean trenches, the highest mountain peaks, and the blood of humans. Reducing plastic pollution — select —requiresneedsdemandsnecessitates action throughout the supply chain — from reducing unnecessary single-use plastic production to — select —improvingenhancingupgradingdeveloping waste management infrastructure in countries where most ocean plastic originates.

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3. The Immune System

The immune system is the body’s — select —defenceprotectionshieldbarrier against pathogens — viruses, bacteria, and other foreign substances. It operates through two — select —complementarydifferentseparatedistinct mechanisms: the innate immune response, which provides immediate but non-specific — select —resistanceprotectiondefenceimmunity, and the adaptive immune response, which develops targeted antibodies against specific pathogens over days to weeks. Once the adaptive system has — select —encounteredmetfacedexperienced a pathogen, it retains immunological memory, enabling a faster and more — select —effectivepowerfulstrongefficient response upon re-exposure.

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