Listening › Summarize Spoken Text

Exercise 4

← Back to Summarize Spoken Text

Task reminder: After the recording ends, write a summary of 50–70 words in 10 minutes. Cover the main idea and key supporting points.

1. Sample Audio 1 — The Circular Economy

A lecture explaining the shift from linear "take-make-dispose" industrial models to circular systems designed to eliminate waste by keeping materials in use for as long as possible. Topics covered include product design for disassembly, industrial symbiosis, and the economic case for circularity.


Sample Summary

The lecture discussed The Circular Economy. A lecture explaining the shift from linear “take-make-dispose” industrial models to circular systems…

2. Sample Audio 2 — Food Labelling and Consumer Choice

An examination of how food labels influence purchasing behaviour, the gap between label claims and nutritional reality, and proposals for mandatory front-of-pack labelling systems such as the traffic light system and Nutri-Score.


Sample Summary

The lecture discussed Food Labelling and Consumer Choice. An examination of how food labels influence purchasing behaviour, the gap between label claims and n…

3. Sample Audio 3 — The Psychology of Motivation

A lecture on intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation, drawing on self-determination theory. The speaker explains why monetary incentives sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation and discusses how environments can be designed to support autonomy, competence, and relatedness.


Sample Summary

The lecture discussed The Psychology of Motivation. A lecture on intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation, drawing on self-determination theory. The speaker ex…