1. Sample Text 1

The moment someone mentions Brazil, soccer is the first thing that crosses one’s mind, and vice versa. In the early 20th century, when Englishmen brought soccer to Brazil, the fad quickly grew into a passion because of various reasons. The first and the most convenient thing about soccer is that it can be played anywhere where there is a relatively flat land. The type of land, whether it’s a desert, a muddy ground, a puddle, or a dry terrain, really does not matter, as long as there are no immediate hills or ditches. In second place, it does not require any elaborate dressing or grooming, just a T-shirt and some shorts; in fact, initially, even shoes were optional. The third reason it became a passion was because it’s a game that can be easily learnt. In addition, it can be played without a referee, and the duration of the matches are shorter than most other games. In Brazil, soccer was initially tainted with social class differences, and all the elite teams had only white players. Very soon, however, when the “lower class” teams started performing exceptionally well, their members were added to the national team without any class discrimination.

Sample Answer

Soccer, which was introduced to Brazil in the early 20th century by Englishmen, and which was first just a fad, quickly grew into a passion – despite the social status discrimination that tainted its practise in the beginning – due to the few conditions it required in order to be played: it could be played almost anywhere; it was easy to learn; one could play wearing only a T-shirt and shorts, as even shoes were optional; the use of a referee was optional, and the matches lasted less than other games

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2. Sample Text 2

Man is forever changing the face of nature. He has been doing so since he first appeared on the earth. Yet, all that man has done is not always to the ultimate advantage of the earth or himself. Man has, in fact, destroyed more than necessary.
In his struggle to live and extract the most out of life, man has destroyed many species of wildlife; directly by sheer physical destruction, and indirectly by the destruction or alteration of habitats. Some species may be able to withstand disruptions to their habitat while others may not be able to cope.
Man’s attitude towards animals depends on the degree to which his own survival is affected. He sets aside protection for animals that he hunts for sport and wages a war on any other creature that may pose a danger or inconvenience to him. This creates many problems and man has made irreversible, serious errors in his destruction of predators. He has destroyed animals and birds which are useful to farmers as pest controllers. The tragedy that emerges is that all the killing of predators did not in any way increase the number of game birds.

Broadly speaking, man wages war against the creatures which he considers harmful, even when his warfare makes little or no difference to the numbers of those he encourages. There is a delicate predator and prey equilibrium involving also the vegetation of any area, which man can upset by thoughtless intervention.

Therefore, there is a need for the implementation of checks and balances. The continued existence of these animals depends entirely on man and his attitude towards his own future.

 

3. Sample Text 3

Most cases of lead poisoning in the United States occur among children who eat chips of lead-containing paint that have peeled off the ceilings and walls of old buildings. Lead paints were widely used for home interiors until the 1940’s, and in many city slums, where buildings have been poorly kept. 15 per cent to 20 per cent of the children between the ages of one and five show evidence of lead ingestion. It is estimated that 3 per cent to 5 per cent have potentially toxic levels of lead in their blood. In many large cities, hundreds of cases among children are reported each year, but it is believed that the actual number may be much higher. In industries that use lead or lead components, lead poisoning among workers is a potentially serious hazard, but present control measures are so stringent that cases of industrial poisoning are rare.
Symptoms of lead poisoning develop slowly after several months of lead ingestion. Early symptoms are mild diarrhea, anemia and irritability. As the level of lead rises, stupor and convulsions occur, often leading to death. The prevention of lead poisoning is therefore of prime importance. An effective measure program includes making the public aware of the danger, testing paint in dilapidated buildings, examining children for evidence of lead ingestion, and keeping children out of unsafe houses. Stringent checks on the level of lead discharged from motorized vehicles and factories should be regularly carried out.

 

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EXERCISE-3                                                                                                                                                        EXERCISE-5