1. Sample Text 1

The most numerous large mammals, apart from humans, are cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and dogs. Domestic cats easily outnumber their wild equivalents, as do chickens and turkeys. The domestication of animals is based on an ancient contract, with benefits on both sides, between man and the ancestors of the breeds familiar to us today.

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(Given sample responses are for reference only. Do not copy the accent. Just  concentrate on pronunciation. Refer SPEAKING TIPS for more information.)

2. Sample Text 2

In 1990, when Caro was invited to visit Japan, he asked if he could work with a traditional papermaker. He was introduced to Mr Ohé and his family in Obama, the village which subsequently gave its name to his series of sculptures. The strength of Washi paper provided Caro with the means to investigate surface textures and he used it for moulding forms and imprinting objects.

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3. Sample Text 3

The reaction to Yigal’s astonishing paintings, composed of thousands of tiny brushstrokes, has two elements to it. He enjoys replicating movement in his work and the range of minimal to incredibly intricate elements the style demands. People nearly always mistake his paintings for photographs, especially as they are nearly always photo-style portraits.

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4. Sample Text 4

Ostriches cannot fly, but they are very fast runners. Their small, flat heads and long necks are almost bare and the rest of their body is covered with longer feathers. The plumage of adult males is glossy black, and the wings and tail feathers are white. The females and young males are greyish-brown. A flock is usually made of one male and two to six females.

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5. Sample Text 5

Kids are injured largely because they get into chemicals such as household cleaners that are improperly stored. Parents and caregivers need to keep household cleaners and other chemicals, particularly ones in spray bottles, out of reach of young children. Adults ages 18 to 64 get chemical burns to eyes as well, but the rate is half that of infants.

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(Given sample responses are for reference only. Do not copy the accent. Just  concentrate on pronunciation. Refer SPEAKING TIPS for more information.)

6. Sample Text 6

Africa contains an enormous wealth of mineral resources, including some of the world’s largest reserves of fossil fuels, metallic ores, and gems and precious metals. This richness is matched by a great diversity of biological resources that includes the intensely lush equatorial rainforests of Central Africa and the world-famous populations of wildlife of the eastern and southern portions of the continent.

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7. Sample Text 7

Ms Holten has lived in Switzerland since she was eight and campaigns actively for animal welfare. She has objected to cow bells, a symbol of Swiss culture, as well as the ringing of church bells, local horse races, hunting, milk being given out in schools, and Sunday roasts. Having become a citizen, she says she now intends to go into politics.

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8. Sample Text 8

Desert environments are so dry that they support only extremely sparse vegetation; trees are usually absent and, under normal climatic conditions, shrubs or herbaceous plants provide only very incomplete ground cover. Extreme aridity renders some deserts virtually devoid of plants. The desert environments of the present are, in geologic terms, relatively recent in origin.

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9. Sample Text 9

In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. As part of this condition, these vessels may thicken, leak, develop clots, close off, or grow balloon-like defects. If you have diabetes, treatment of retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist.

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10. Sample Text 10

The list of charities and campaigns Lumley has been involved with is so long, we couldn’t possibly mention everything she’s been involved with in such a small space. But just a few examples include her work for human rights organisation Survival International and becoming a patron of charities such as Trust in Children and Tree Aid, which fights poverty in Africa.

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EXERCISE-2                                                                                                                                                        EXERCISE-4