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Exercise 5

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Task reminder: Follow the transcript as the audio plays. Type the missing word in each blank exactly as heard. Spelling must be precise.

1. Sample Audio 1 — The Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press, developed around 1440, used (1) type that could be arranged and reused. It made books dramatically cheaper and more (2) , contributing to rising (3) across Europe. The technology (4) the spread of new ideas during the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution, making it one of the most (5) inventions in human history.

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1. movable   2. accessible   3. literacy   4. accelerated   5. transformative

2. Sample Audio 2 — Photosynthesis

Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into (1) and oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. The green (2) in leaves, called chlorophyll, (3) solar energy. The process occurs in two (4) : the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. Photosynthesis is (5) for almost all life on Earth, as it forms the base of food chains.

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1. glucose   2. pigment   3. absorbs   4. stages   5. fundamental