Task reminder: Read the passage then select all correct answers. Negative marking applies — do not guess randomly. Each correct answer scores +1, each incorrect answer scores −1.

1. Sample Text 1

The Mediterranean diet — characterised by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, with moderate fish and poultry intake and low consumption of red meat and processed foods — has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. It is also associated with improved cognitive function and reduced risk of depression. Researchers attribute its benefits to a combination of anti-inflammatory foods, healthy fats, and diverse plant-based fibre that supports a rich gut microbiome.

Q. Which health benefits of the Mediterranean diet are mentioned in the passage?

A. Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
B. Lower rates of food allergies
C. Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
D. Improved cognitive function
E. Reduced risk of depression

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2. Sample Text 2

Smart cities use digital technology and data analytics to manage urban infrastructure more efficiently. Sensors embedded in roads and buildings collect data on traffic flows, energy use, and waste levels, enabling real-time adjustments that reduce congestion, lower energy consumption, and improve refuse collection. Citizens can interact with city services through apps that provide real-time information about public transport, air quality, and parking. Critics raise concerns about data privacy — the constant collection of sensor data creates detailed profiles of citizens’ behaviour — and about equity, as smart city benefits may accrue disproportionately to wealthier, better-connected residents.

Q. According to the passage, which of the following are identified as benefits or features of smart cities?

A. Reduced traffic congestion
B. Elimination of urban poverty
C. Improved refuse collection efficiency
D. Real-time air quality information for citizens
E. Lower energy consumption

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3. Sample Text 3

The brain’s neuroplasticity — its ability to reorganise and form new neural connections throughout life — has overturned the long-held belief that the brain stops developing after childhood. Research shows that learning new skills, practising mindfulness, physical exercise, and social interaction all stimulate neuroplastic changes. Stroke rehabilitation programmes have successfully exploited neuroplasticity by training undamaged brain regions to take over functions previously performed by damaged areas. However, the brain’s plasticity declines with age, and certain developmental windows in childhood remain critical for acquiring skills such as language and music.

Q. Which of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors that stimulate neuroplasticity?

A. Learning new skills
B. Physical exercise
C. High-calorie diets
D. Social interaction
E. Practising mindfulness

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